The vibration of various components of the water pump unit, from the hydraulic and mechanical structure design of the water pump to the installation, operation, and maintenance of the pump, several measures have been proposed to reduce pump vibration. The results indicate that ensuring the structural dimensions and accuracy of pump components are compatible with the hydraulic characteristics of the pump such as overload free performance; Ensure that the actual operating point of the pump matches the designed operating point of the pump; Ensure consistency between machining accuracy and design accuracy; Ensure the consistency between the installation quality of components and their operational requirements; Ensuring consistency between maintenance quality and component wear patterns can reduce pump vibration. The main hazards caused by excessive vibration include: causing the pump unit to malfunction; Causing vibration of motors and pipelines, resulting in machine damage and personal injury; Causing damage to bearings and other components; Causing loose connection components, foundation cracks, or motor damage; Causing loose or damaged pipe fittings or valves connected to the water pump; Formation of vibration noise. The causes of water pump vibration are multifaceted. The pump shaft is generally directly connected to the driving motor shaft, causing the dynamic performance of the pump and the motor to interfere with each other; There are many high-speed rotating components, and the dynamic and static balance can meet the requirements; The components that interact with the fluid are greatly affected by the water flow conditions; The complexity of fluid motion itself is also a factor limiting the stability of pump dynamic performance.
Analysis of the causes of pump vibration
1.1 Motor
The motor structural components are loose, the bearing positioning device is loose, the iron core silicon steel sheet is too loose, and the bearing stiffness decreases due to wear, which can cause vibration. The uneven distribution of rotor mass caused by mass eccentricity, rotor bending, or mass distribution issues, resulting in excessive static and dynamic balance. In addition, the cage bar of the Squirrel-cage rotor rotor is broken, which causes the unbalance of the magnetic field force and the rotating inertia force of the rotor, resulting in vibration. The motor is out of phase, and the power supply of each phase is unbalanced. Due to quality issues in the installation process of the motor stator winding, the resistance between each phase winding is unbalanced, resulting in uneven magnetic field and unbalanced electromagnetic force. This electromagnetic force becomes the excitation force that causes vibration.
1.2 Foundation and pump support
The contact fixation between the drive device frame and the foundation is not good, and the foundation and motor system have poor absorption, transmission, and isolation capabilities of vibration, resulting in excessive vibration of the foundation and motor. If the foundation of the water pump is loose, or the water pump unit forms an elastic foundation during installation, or the foundation stiffness is weakened due to oil immersion and water bubbles, the water pump will generate another critical speed with a phase difference of 1800 from the vibration, thereby increasing the vibration frequency of the water pump. If the increased frequency is close to or equal to the frequency of an external factor, it will increase the amplitude of the water pump. In addition, the loosening of foundation anchor bolts leads to a decrease in constraint stiffness, which can exacerbate the vibration of the motor.
1.3 Couplings
The circumferential spacing of the coupling connecting bolts is poor, and the symmetry is damaged; The eccentric extension of the coupling will generate eccentric force; The taper of the coupling exceeds the tolerance; Poor static or dynamic balance of the coupling; The fitting between the Spring pin and the coupling is too tight, so that the elastic pin loses its elastic adjustment function, causing the coupling not to be well aligned; The fit clearance between the coupling and the shaft is too large; Mechanical wear of the coupling rubber ring leads to
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